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Healing & Tissue Repair FDA Approved (Specific Indications) PubChem CID: 73587

GHK-Cu (Copper Peptide): Clinical Mechanism, Dossier & Protocols

Naturally occurring human tripeptide with high affinity for copper(II) ions, renowned for resetting gene expression to a younger state, boosting collagen/elastin synthesis, and reversing fibrosis.

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🔬 Molecular Architecture & Physical Specifications

Molecular Weight
404.91 g/mol
Chemical Formula
C14H24CuN6O4
CAS Registry Number
49557-75-7
Elimination Half-Life
Approx. 1 - 2 hours in circulation; cellular gene-reprogramming effects persist for weeks
Administration Route
Subcutaneous (SC), Topical (Serum/Cream)
NCBI PubChem Record
Amino Acid Sequence: Gly-His-Lys:Cu(2+)

⚙️ Primary Mechanism of Action

Modulates over 4,000 human genes, upregulating collagen, elastin, proteoglycans, and TIMPs while suppressing metalloproteinases (MMPs), inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-6), and TGF-beta-1.

💉 Research Dosage & Reconstitution Standard

Requires pharmaceutical-grade 0.9% benzyl alcohol Bacteriostatic Water to inhibit bacterial replication for multi-dose access.

Full Step-by-Step Guide →
Standard Vial Sizes
50mg, 100mg
Target Research Dose
1mg - 2mg daily SubQ (or 2% - 3% topical formulation applied daily)
Administration Frequency
Once daily (often cycled 30 days on, 30 days off)
💧 Dilution Standard: Reconstitute with sterile Bacteriostatic Water for Injection (USP). Aim stream gently along the vial glass wall to avoid foaming. Store reconstituted solution at 2°C to 8°C (36°F to 46°F) protected from light. Discard multi-dose punctured vials at 28 days pursuant to USP <797> standards. Never freeze reconstituted liquid.

⚠️ Contraindications & Documented Adverse Effects

Strict Contraindications

  • Wilson's disease (copper overload disorder)
  • Severe hepatic copper impairment

Documented Side Effects

  • Post-injection pain (PIP) / stinging if insufficiently diluted
  • Localized redness
  • Copper saturation with extreme prolonged dosing (supplement zinc if cycling heavily)

📚 Peer-Reviewed References & Authoritative Sources

Citations indexed in PubMed, National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), and ClinicalTrials.gov.

2 VERIFIED CITATIONS
International Journal of Molecular Sciences (2018; 19:1987)
Broad gene-expression analysis demonstrating GHK-Cu upregulates collagen, elastin, and decorin while resetting over 4,000 human genes to a younger phenotype.
PMID: 29983808 · DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071987
Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition (2008; 19:1521-1533)
Demonstrated copper-tripeptide stimulates glycosaminoglycan synthesis and exerts potent chemoattraction for capillary endothelial cells.
PMID: 18768000

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