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Longevity & Cellular Health Phase 3 Clinical Trials PubChem CID: 11764719

SS-31 (Elamipretide): Clinical Mechanism, Dossier & Protocols

Mitochondria-targeting tetrapeptide that selectively binds cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane, restoring electron transport efficiency, reducing ROS, and rejuvenating aged bioenergetics.

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🔬 Molecular Architecture & Physical Specifications

Molecular Weight
639.8 g/mol
Chemical Formula
C32H49N9O5
CAS Registry Number
736992-21-5
Elimination Half-Life
Approx. 4 hours
Administration Route
Subcutaneous (SC)
NCBI PubChem Record
Amino Acid Sequence: D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH2 (where Dmt = 2',6'-dimethyltyrosine)

⚙️ Primary Mechanism of Action

Penetrates directly into the inner mitochondrial membrane to bind and stabilize cardiolipin, restoring cristae architecture, improving ATP synthesis, and suppressing pathologic reactive oxygen species (ROS) leakage.

💉 Research Dosage & Reconstitution Standard

Requires pharmaceutical-grade 0.9% benzyl alcohol Bacteriostatic Water to inhibit bacterial replication for multi-dose access.

Full Step-by-Step Guide →
Standard Vial Sizes
10mg, 20mg, 50mg
Target Research Dose
2mg to 4mg daily SubQ (up to 5mg/day in neuro/cardiac protocols)
Administration Frequency
Once daily morning
💧 Dilution Standard: Reconstitute with sterile Bacteriostatic Water for Injection (USP). Aim stream gently along the vial glass wall to avoid foaming. Store reconstituted solution at 2°C to 8°C (36°F to 46°F) protected from light. Discard multi-dose punctured vials at 28 days pursuant to USP <797> standards. Never freeze reconstituted liquid.

⚠️ Contraindications & Documented Adverse Effects

Strict Contraindications

  • Active uncontrolled arrhythmia without medical supervision

Documented Side Effects

  • Mild site stinging or redness
  • Transient energy boost / mild flushing

📚 Peer-Reviewed References & Authoritative Sources

Citations indexed in PubMed, National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), and ClinicalTrials.gov.

1 VERIFIED CITATIONS
British Journal of Pharmacology (2014; 171:2029-2041)
Demonstrated SS-31 selectively binds cardiolipin in the mitochondrial inner membrane, restoring ATP electron transport chain efficiency.
PMID: 25164741

⚖️ Head-to-Head Comparisons Featuring SS-31 (Elamipretide)

Epithalon vs SS-31: Telomere Elongation vs Mitochondrial Cardiolipin Rejuvenation

Epithalon works at the nuclear genomic level by activating telomerase and normalizing circadian pineal function. SS-31 w...

Read Showdown →

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💧 SS-31 (Elamipretide) Dilution Guide ⚡ Syringe Reconstitution Tool Bacteriostatic Water Monograph Tested Vendor Directory Cycle Cost Calculator