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Immune & Anti-Inflammatory FDA Approved (Specific Indications) PubChem CID: 16130571

Thymosin Alpha-1: Clinical Mechanism, Dossier & Protocols

Naturally occurring 28-amino acid thymic peptide that restores immune equilibrium, boosts T-cell and Natural Killer (NK) cell activity, fights chronic viral pathogens, and prevents immune exhaustion.

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🔬 Molecular Architecture & Physical Specifications

Molecular Weight
3108.3 g/mol
Chemical Formula
C129H215N33O45
Elimination Half-Life
Approx. 2 hours in blood; immune cell transcription shifts endure for days
Administration Route
Subcutaneous (SC)
NCBI PubChem Record
Amino Acid Sequence: Ac-Ser-Asp-Ala-Ala-Val-Asp-Thr-Ser-Ser-Glu-Ile-Thr-Thr-Lys-Asp-Leu-Lys-Glu-Lys-Lys-Glu-Val-Val-Glu-Glu-Ala-Glu-Asn-OH

⚙️ Primary Mechanism of Action

Interacts with Toll-like receptors (TLR2, TLR9) on dendritic cells and macrophages, drives differentiation of naive T-cells into CD4+/CD8+ helper and killer T-cells, and upregulates IL-2 and interferon-gamma.

💉 Research Dosage & Reconstitution Standard

Requires pharmaceutical-grade 0.9% benzyl alcohol Bacteriostatic Water to inhibit bacterial replication for multi-dose access.

Full Step-by-Step Guide →
Standard Vial Sizes
5mg, 10mg
Target Research Dose
1.5mg to 1.6mg SubQ twice weekly (or 450mcg - 800mcg daily during acute infection)
Administration Frequency
Twice weekly for immune health or daily during acute illness
💧 Dilution Standard: Reconstitute with sterile Bacteriostatic Water for Injection (USP). Aim stream gently along the vial glass wall to avoid foaming. Store reconstituted solution at 2°C to 8°C (36°F to 46°F) protected from light. Discard multi-dose punctured vials at 28 days pursuant to USP <797> standards. Never freeze reconstituted liquid.

⚠️ Contraindications & Documented Adverse Effects

Strict Contraindications

  • Organ transplant recipients on active immunosuppressants (will stimulate rejection).

Documented Side Effects

  • Extremely rare; mild injection site irritation
  • Temporary mild flu-like immune activation

📚 Peer-Reviewed References & Authoritative Sources

Citations indexed in PubMed, National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), and ClinicalTrials.gov.

1 VERIFIED CITATIONS
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (2007; 1112:325-334)
Highlights TLR-mediated dendritic cell maturation, T-helper 1 cytokine polarization, and enhanced natural killer cell cytotoxicity.
PMID: 17872378

Explore Related Research Modules

Access exact dilution guides, syringe unit calculators, and purity certificates for Thymosin Alpha-1.

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